Iai was originally developed in feudal Japan, and primarily was concerned with dealing calmly and quickly to a series of potential situations such as surprise attacks, ambush and assault by multiple opponents. The iaidoka would calmly react to whatever situation he was placed in, draw his katana, deal with the threat and then resheath his sword with dignity and continue on his way.

Kendo is based on the ancient Japanese art of sword fighting. Combatants use bamboo swords wrapped in leather (shinai) to score points by striking opponents in the head, the side of the body, the throat, or the wrists. An interesting aspect of the contest is that the fighters must announce which area they plan to hit before they strike. The sport is very formal and the techniques allowed are limited.